Explain the cases and declentions in latin: basically the whole basic grammar including nominatives etc?

So how do I know whos doing what in this sentence using the endings:





servus Salvium et Quintum ad atrium duxit.Explain the cases and declentions in latin: basically the whole basic grammar including nominatives etc?
The slave led Salvius and Quintus to the hall.





servus is nominative singular, so is the subject of the verb duxit, which is 3rd. person singular pretirite tense.


Salvium and Quintum are in the accusative case ~ theirs noms. are Salvius %26amp; Quintus.


ad + accusative is motion towards and atrium, being a neuter noun, is here in the accusative, which happens to be the same as the nominative.Explain the cases and declentions in latin: basically the whole basic grammar including nominatives etc?
You're asking for the major part of a Latin grammar book! However, for your sentence, you need to know that second-declension nouns ending in -us are nominative singular (usually subjects), and those ending in -um can be either nominative or accusative singular if they're neuter but only accusative singular (direct objects or objects of some prepositions) if they're masculine. Since two such words in this sentence are capitalized, they must be proper names and therefore are very unlikely to be neuter. The one that isn't capitalized could be either (and in fact it's neuter), but the fact that it comes after ';ad,'; which is a preposition of motion, tells you that it's accusative. As for the verb, the last word in this sentence, its ending tells you that it's third person singular--and there's only one word in the sentence that could be its subject. Now just observe that it's ';duxit'; and not ';ducit,'; so what what tense is it?

blush